Ekonomisk jämlikhet är inget ideal. Men nu råkar det bara vara som så att den ekonomiska ojämlikheten faktiskt tenderar att minska under kapitalismen, inte öka. Detta blir nog enklare att se om man påminner sig om att välstånd är saker dvs varor och tjänster, inte pengar. (Pengarnas värde hänger på att det finns välstånd att köpa—utan välstånd att köpa och sälja blir pengarna värdelösa.)
Under kapitalismen tjänar affärsmän vinstintresset bäst genom att ägna sig åt massproduktion för massorna. Det är där de riktigt stora pengarna finns att tjäna. Fråga bara Henry Ford eller Bill Gates eller Steve Jobs eller Jeff Bezos eller. . .
Ja, i monetära termer leder massproduktion åt massorna till stora inkomst- och förmögenhetsskillnader. Men i reala termer dvs i termer av välstånd dvs i termer av varor och tjänster innebär samma utveckling att massorna kan köpa mer, fler och bättre varor och tjänster. I reala termer betyder detta att skillnaderna mellan fattiga och rika minskar, inte ökar. Ludwig von Mises uttryckte det nog bäst:
Today, in the capitalist countries, there is relatively little difference between the basic life of the so-called higher and lower classes; both have food, clothing, and shelter. But in the eighteenth century and earlier, the difference between the man of the middle class and the man of the lower class was that the man of the middle class had shoes and the man of the lower class did not have shoes. In the United States today the difference between a rich man and a poor man means very often only the difference between a Cadillac and a Chevrolet. The Chevrolet may be bought secondhand, but basically it renders the same services to its owner: he, too, can drive from one point to another. More than fifty percent of the people in the United States are living in houses and apartments they own themselves. (Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow, 1959.)
Som en del av processen mot mer real jämlikhet har vi det faktum att under kapitalism tenderar gårdagens lyxvaror att bli dagens nödvändigheter. Se t ex denna graf:
Det som driver denna trevliga utveckling framåt är den monetära ojämlikheten. Dels måste det finnas monetär ojämlikhet för att det överhuvudtaget ska finnas ekonomiska incitament att producera. Och ju större monetär ojämlikhet, desto större incitament. Låt mig på denna punkt citera von Mises:
Only because inequality of wealth is possible in our social order, only because it stimulates everyone to produce as much as he can and at the lowest cost, does mankind today have at its disposal the total annual wealth now available for consumption. Were this incentive to be destroyed, productivity would be so greatly reduced that the portion that an equal distribution would allot to each individual would be far less than what even the poorest receives today. (Liberalism: In the Classical Tradition, 1927.)
Det måste dessutom finnas några riktigt rika som har råd att köpa de nya lyxvarorna. I den mån de gör detta blir det sakta men säkert också ekonomiskt gångbart att börja massproducera desamma för massorna. Här är, återigen, von Mises:
Many things that seem to us necessities today were once considered as luxuries. When, in the Middle Ages, an aristocratic Byzantine lady who had married a Venetian doge made use of a golden implement, which could be called the forerunner of the fork as we know it today, instead of her fingers, in eating her meals, the Venetians looked on this as a godless luxury, and they thought it only just when the lady was stricken with a dreadful disease; this must be, they supposed, the well-merited punishment of God for such unnatural extravagance. Two or three generations ago even in England an indoor bathroom was considered a luxury; today the home of every English worker of the better type contains one. Thirty-five years ago there were no automobiles; twenty years ago the possession of such a vehicle was the sign of a particularly luxurious mode of living; today in the United States even the worker has his Ford. This is the course of economic history. The luxury of today is the necessity of tomorrow. Every advance first comes into being as the luxury of a few rich people, only to become, after a time, the indispensable necessity taken for granted by everyone. Luxury consumption provides industry with the stimulus to discover and introduce new, things. It is one of the dynamic factors in our economy. To it we owe the progressive innovations by which the standard of living of all strata of the population has been gradually raised. (Ibid.)
Ja, under kapitalismen finns det ett stort pengargap mellan rika och fattiga. Men detta pengargap beror på att affärsmän ägnar sig åt massproduktion för massorna vilket alltså minskar välståndsgapet mellan rika och fattiga. Så funkar den ekonomiska ojämlikheten under kapitalismen. Knappast något att förlora någon sömn över, eller hur?